This course presents a continuum model to differentiate processing disorders into acoustic, phonemic, or linguistic aspects so that assessment and treatment can become more focused and effective. An overbite occurs when your upper jaw does not align with your lower jaw. You can absolutely fix an overbite, with things like aligner therapy or braces, but all of these options need to be overseen by a dentist. A splint is an oral device that's worn all the time and it fits over . Accessibility The first few days of having braces or wearing Invisalign can make you talk a little funny and those with an existing speech disorder might feel as if its getting worse. The oral structures that are involved in speech production are the lips, teeth, tongue, cheeks and vocal tract. For example, if a child is working on correctly producing the sound /s/, but also has an open bite, it will be difficult for them to reach that speech goal due to the fact that structurally, their teeth are not in the ideal position for that sound. If not corrected during childhood, it can lead to complications, including jaw problems, dental conditions, severe pain, and sleep apnea. You can prevent children from developing an overbite by limiting thumb-sucking and pacifier use. This impression may result from the appearance of a relatively high vertical plane of the palate due to abnormal growth or positioning of other structures, e.g. Would you like email updates of new search results? An overbite can affect speech or cause an impediment since a person may feel the need to overcompensate when sounding out specific words or sounds. This course will discuss the rationale and strategies for teaching production of /s/ and /r/ for upper elementary school-age children and older. Visit your dentist for x-rays to determine the severity of your overbite. After braces in high school, the lisp returned and I had to have speech therapy again. Just to see if your school therapist is correct in her conclusions? Presented by Gail J. Richard, PhD, CCC-SLP. Speech Therapy for Children Accent Modification Training Communication Coaching Communication Coaching for Companies. The primary symptom of an overbite is related to your appearance your top front teeth overlap past your bottom front teeth. info@connectedspeechpathology.com 813-444-5978. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. Using a pacifier, especially past the age of 3. At this point, speech problems probably arent causing the anxiety and self-consciousness that they often do as kids get older. Without Braces If he is not going to get braces, you are going to teach him to compensate for his structural problem. Ask the Colgate Chatbot! What overbite risk factors do I need to be aware of? This information is for educational purposes only. She had to learn to bring her lips together to make /m/, /b/ and /p/. Thumb-sucking, or nonnutritive sucking behavior (NNSB), that occurs past the age of 3. respiratory therapy All I know is that my child was put in speech last year. Overbite correction is different for children and adults. Dr. Chen has acquired numerous accolades over the years, including New York Academy of Dentistry Exemplary Professional Conduct Award, Academy of General Dentistry Outstanding General Practitioner Award, American Academy of Implant Dentistry Award, and Pierre Fauchard Foundation Award. https://www.nspt4kids.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/dentition-FeaturedImage.png, https://nspt4kids.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/nspt_2-color-logo_noclaims.png, How to Set-Up an Organized Summer for Children with ADHD, Tips to Keep Your Child Cautious Yet Calm During the COVID-19 Pandemic, How to Help Your Child Adjust to Summer During COVID 19. Mouth guards can help stop an overbite from getting worse if yours is caused by grinding your teeth. Sometimes, dental professionals undergo this training to easily recognize OMDs while completing regular oral exams and provide treatment protocols. How long will treatment for my overbite take? Summary. Fortunately, you can correct an abnormal tongue position with myofunctional therapy. Will My Child Be Ready for School In the Fall. Oral Care Center articles are reviewed by an oral health medical professional. Underbite vs. Overbite: Whats the Difference and How are They Treated? What causes speech impediments? a. An 'overbite' is normal and everybody has one. Bring your teeth together until they almost touch, in a natural biting motion. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. 3 June 2021. Follow us on Facebook! if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'mamapedia_com-banner-1','ezslot_4',650,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mamapedia_com-banner-1-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[320,50],'mamapedia_com-banner-1','ezslot_5',650,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mamapedia_com-banner-1-0_1'); .banner-1-multi-650{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:5px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:5px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}As the braces move her teeth she'll need to learn simple things differently. correctly. If youre interested in orthodontic treatment in the Greater Omaha area, book your free consultation with Hawley Orthodontics today. You should always contact your doctor or other qualified healthcare professional before starting, changing, or stopping any kind of health treatment. The roles of audiologists and SLPs in relation to processing disorders are described, and compensatory strategies for differing aspects of processing are presented. In the most extreme cases (increased overbite) the lower teeth can even reach the gums, causing more damage. For instance, a distorted S may be an indicator of a tongue tie that was overseen. BOOK YOUR FREE CALL NOW INFO. government site. For advice on pursuing jaw surgery to fix an extreme overbite, scroll down! Speech therapy for adults. When your jaws and/or teeth don't properly . Overjet occurs when there is a too-large horizontal gap between the top front teeth and the bottom front teeth. If you have insurance, check with your provider before paying out of pocket. Warning: "continue" targeting switch is equivalent to "break".Did you mean to use "continue 2"? An orthodontic clinical examination assessed Angle classification, overjet, overbite, crowding, spacing, and crossbites. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Deep bite. While speech therapy is one way to combat speech problems, another way to help your speech is by having your jaw and teeth aligned. In severe cases, an overbite can lead to health problems like jaw pain, gum disease or tooth decay. In orthodontics, an overbite is measured by the amount that the teeth overlap in the vertical or the amount that the upper teeth cover the lower. The Academy of Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy describes its goal as helping patients "regain the joy of eating, speaking, breathing, and even sleeping more soundly." The approach is interdisciplinary, so in addition to myofunctional therapists, treatment often involves dentists, orthodontists, and other physicians like osteopaths. the appearance of a high-arched palate is a subjective impression based on the clinician's oral examination. Having your child evaluated by an orthodontist by seven-years-old can make a huge difference because we can intervene while their teeth and jaws are still developing for a more dramatic, stable outcome. How Does Orthodontics Work for Ectopic or Impacted Canines? 4. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Presented by Kelly Farquharson, PhD, CCC-SLP, Anne Reed, MS, CCC-SLP. If your dentist thinks you have a TMJ disorder, splint therapy may be recommended. Lack of teeth affects speech only in very minor ways at this age. The dentist may take dental X-rays to further examine the overbite and how your teeth align. The purpose of this study was to identify variables of dental malocclusion with the greatest effect on sound production that can be easily identified during an orthodontic assessment. By using our site, you agree to our Privacy Policy. An orthodontic clinical examination assessed Angle classification, overjet, overbite, crowding, spacing, and crossbites. These devices painlessly close the jaw during sleep. BUt like I said, I am not an expert. Sign up for wikiHow's weekly email newsletter. It occurs when your upper front teeth protrude (stick out) beyond your lower front teeth. Guided appliance therapy - For newborns, any mouthpiece is a big choking hazard. OccupationalTherapy.com During this meeting, LVI Fellow Dr. Ronald Konig will carefully assess the extent of . This course will serve as a primer on Down syndrome for practicing speech-language pathologists. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! [2] 3 Place your tongue in the correct position. overbite and speech therapy does net nanny work in incognito mode. Presented by Theresa Bartolotta, PhD, CCC-SLP. We invite you to download, print, and distribute as many as you like. See an orthodontist to get braces for a severe overbite. Copyright 2023 SpeechPathology.com - All Rights Reserved. This is commonly called an underbite. The true vertical height of the palatal plane would need to be determined objectively using radiographic procedures. This course will discuss the rationale and strategies for teaching production of /s/ and /r/ for upper elementary school-age children and older. We aimed to examine whether 3 weeks of intensive speech and language therapy under routine clinical conditions improved verbal communication in daily-life . Was in braces for 8 years through Medicaid. The latter position is the position I would try if working with a child with an open-bite. Occlusal status and prevalence of occlusal malocclusion traits among 9-year-old schoolchildren. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\n<\/p><\/div>"}, Collection of medical information sourced from the US National Library of Medicine. Strident sounds are produced by the friction of a fast airflow being pressed against a speakers teeth. But to achieve longterm breastfeeding success, you need to fix your latch technique, according to the founder of Montclair Speech Therapy Lori Caplan-Colon, who has 18 years of clinical experience in speech therapy and specializes in feeding disorders. Can anyone help? 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195 |, Important Updates + Notice of Vendor Data Event. If your top teeth stick out further than your bottom teeth, you might have an overbite. Weve answered some of your common questions about overbites to let you know how you can start fixing yours today. Impacts of anterior-posterior jaw disproportions on speech of dentofacial disharmony patients. While some protrusion is natural, a severe overbite can cause health issues down the line, like the inability to chew or speech impediments. Impacts of Skeletal Anterior Open Bite Malocclusion on Speech. When treatment is finished, youll likely be able to speak more clearly than ever. Treatment for Overbite. Successfully producing speech sounds involves an intricate coordination between a persons oral structures and muscles. Yes, it depends on what sounds she's working on but it really is a waste of time to work on while a kid has braces, better to wait and hopefully be able to fix her speech more quickly after the overbite is corrected. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of one or two anterior miniscrews for upper incisor correction in cases of overbite and angulation in adult patients. When she first started therapy at 2, she pretty much only used vowels. The training targets the face, neck, and mouth's soft tissues to reach optimal tongue position and oral rest posture. Can Pacifiers and Thumb Sucking Affect My Childs Teeth? Bite and smile. Difficulty fully opening or closing the mouth. Every kid and every case is different. This image may not be used by other entities without the express written consent of wikiHow, Inc.
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\u00a9 2023 wikiHow, Inc. All rights reserved. Expert Interview. I was also told that speech therapy should be given once braces are removed because with the braces she will learn one way to position her sounds and then once removed she will need to relearn positioning of sounds again. Many people have a slight overbite. Are there any types of mouth guards I can use to fix my overbite? Be patient and wait for the orthodontia to be completed, and then get her back into speech therapy. The roles of audiologists and SLPs in relation to processing disorders are described, and compensatory strategies for differing aspects of processing are presented. In other words, a difficulty making one or several specific speech sounds. Find Out More Swallowing Disorders Hours of Operation: Mon - Fri: 8:00 am - 6:30 pm. A tip we can share to help your child comprehend certain sounds is feeling Its time to get your baby upright in a chair when starting solid foods. I often hear clinicians refer to this term when attempting to determine if various articulatory errors may be caused by this apparent structural anomaly. . early childhood education In severe cases, an overbite can lead to health problems like jaw pain, gum disease or tooth decay. National Library of Medicine Overbite, or buck teeth, occurs when your top front teeth extend beyond your bottom front teeth. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Inc.Earl Seaver Ph.D.Dr. We use cookies to make wikiHow great. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Other sounds that are articulated in the front of a speakers mouth (i.e., in between your upper teeth and lower lip) that could be affected by dentition are voiced and voiceless th (e.g., the and thirst). Course Details My 8 year old has an underbite that will start to be corrected with braces this year. Bite adjustments improve an individual's quality of life by manifolds. Acoustic Measurements of Speech and Voice in Men with Angle Class II, Division 1, Malocclusion. 2022 Jul 1;92(4):505-511. doi: 10.2319/043021-342.1. Can you correct an overbite without braces? Some things people consider when picking a high chair is how easily can you place baby in and lift baby out on Why is The S Sound so Difficult to Say. social work It is also the position I use when teaching /s/ to a child who is severely tongue tied. For the second question the answer is, "no." Abnormal lip, tongue and jaw position can impact regular tongue activity and saliva flow, which play an important role in fighting against bacteria and plaque. Your speech can also be affected by an overbite. Yes, since an overbite can cause complications in the future. There are certain sounds that depend on teeth for correct articulation. Airway problems and snoring. Part your lips in a small smile. Speech therapy may be indicated in conjunction with orthodontics to bring about the best results and enable patients to learn how to produce sounds correctly. Bookshelf She has worked as a speech-language pathologist with pre-school and school-age children for the past 18 years. What precautions should I take so that my overbite does not return? A speech-language pathologist can use different types of speech therapy to help people with problems related to: Language (e.g., ability; comprehension of spoken and written language) Cognition (e.g., attention, memory, ability to solve problems) In addition to different speech therapy techniques, SLPs may also provide auditory habilitation . It is a common condition that can affect more than just a person's self-image. Yes, an overbite can cause a lisp. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Doing anything else is basically wasting her time. How long does it take to correct an overbite? He is a Fellow of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association and the Illinois Speech-Language-Hearing Association and has received the honors of the Illinois Speech-language-Hearing Association. . *. Give us a call at(877) 486-4140 and speak to one of our Family Child Advocates today! Can I stop my overbite from getting worse? Home; Our Story; Services; Resources Removal of baby teeth or permanent teeth to make room for adult teeth. When the bite is closed, the upper front teeth cover the bottom teeth too much. When the overlap is too large, this is called an excessive overbite. Overbite; Speech problems; . Their data suggest that making f and v sounds takes 29. No surgery needed! Ask your dentist about wearing a plastic aligner to correct a minor overbite. Headgear is also an option used by many to correct the position and structure of an overbite. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Western Michigan University and his doctoral degree from the University of Iowa. eCollection 2023 Jan. Oliver S, Keyser MMB, Jhingree S, Bocklage C, Lathrop H, Giduz N, Moss K, Blakey G, White R, Turvey T, Mielke J, Zajac D, Jacox LA. Conclusions: I want to know if you have a high palate is it nessecary to have surgery to correct it or will just regular speech therapy correct the problem, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/treatment-approach-considerations-for-school-9472, Treatment Approach Considerations for School-Aged Children with Speech Sound Disorders, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 3, CE-SPC-20-0321; ASHA/0.1 Intermediate, Professional; IACET/0.1; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/back-to-basics-down-syndrome-8975, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 4, CE-SPC-19-3220; ASHA/0.1 Introductory, Professional; IACET/0.1; IBCCES/1.0; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/20q-dynamics-school-based-speech-10002, 20Q: Dynamics of School-Based Speech and Language Therapy Variables, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 3, Domain 7, CE-SPC-21-3322; ASHA/0.1 Advanced, Professional; IACET/0.1; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/sleuthing-for-s-and-r-9237, Sleuthing for /s/ and /r/: Facilitating Strategies for Residual Sound Errors, AG Bell - LSLS/2.0 Domain 3, CE-SPC-20-0321; ASHA/0.2 Introductory, Professional; IACET/0.2; Kansas LTS-S1370/2.0; SAC/2.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/20q-continuum-approach-for-sorting-10008, 20Q: A Continuum Approach for Sorting Out Processing Disorders, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 3, Domain 7, CE-SPC-21-3322; ASHA/0.1 Intermediate, Professional; IACET/0.1; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, Articulation, Phonology, and Speech Sound Disorders, Articulation Difficulties with High Palatal Vault. She is an experienced clinician who has worked in the public schools, hospitals, and private practice settings for 20 years. In some cases, it can lead to: Jaw misalignment. 2014 Mar;37(145):5-12. However, when the overbite is more than 5 mm, it is called a deep overbite. References. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies OMDs can negatively impact breastfeeding, chewing, swallowing, and talking. After watching the video, open our app and practice the words that include the R consonant in them. They also affect your jaw movement, oral hygiene, and the way your face looks. Orthodontic problems. strong bite developed from grinding your teeth or . Consequently there can some degree of variability in its structure and function before it affects speech production. She also has great interest in craniofacial anomalies and counseling skills in the field of communication disorders. Speech difficulties (rare), including lisp. Presented by Kelly Farquharson, PhD, CCC-SLP, Anne Reed, MS, CCC-SLP. Seaver currently serves as Chair of the Department of Communicative Disorders. Using a night guard if you tend to tongue thrust or grind your teeth while you sleep. In healthy, properly aligned teeth with a correct bite, the rows of teeth line up when the mouth is closed. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. An overbite is considered severe when the teeth overlap by 3.5 millimetres (0.14in) or more. In ancient India and Rome, labiodentals may have been a mark of status, signaling a softer diet and wealth, he says. It discusses how therapy outcomes are related to therapy quality, IEP goals, and SLP-level variables such as job satisfaction and caseload size. Individuals with extreme overbites may need extensive orthodontic treatment to correct the issue. Always seek the advice of your dentist, physician or other qualified healthcare provider. Although some structures have a more direct role than others, all play a role in producing intelligible speech. I honestly don't know what to do. Scan with your phone: Speech Impediments One common sign of jaw misalignment is a speech impediment like a lisp. Malocclusion in children with speech sound disorders and motor speech involvement: a cross-sectional clinical study in Swedish children. The upper part of the throat right behind the tongue, also known as the pharynx, must constrict or tighten in order for the correct R sound to be produced. With an array of services, including braces and other orthodontic treatments, we are exceptionally qualified to provide our children's orthodontists of Omaha patients with . An SLP can use several different techniques as part of adult speech therapy. The S sound can be an extremely hard sound to pronounce because it requires very precise movements and coordination of the tongue, jaw, and a stream of continuous airflow. For this technique the tongue tip is behind the bottom teeth and the tongue blade makes contact with the alveolar ridge. The tongue has to be able to touch the teeth in a certain way to make some sounds or have space to move freely to produce others. Thank Youif(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'mamapedia_com-box-3','ezslot_6',679,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-mamapedia_com-box-3-0'); I suppose each case is different. Is there any way to fix an overbite at home? OccupationalTherapy.com That means to have her take a quick look at her no more than once per 1-2 months. early childhood education He then completed a comprehensive training program at the Bronx VA Medical Center and, shortly after, decided to pursue multiple practice ownership and management. Were committed to providing the world with free how-to resources, and even $1 helps us in our mission. Over the years, I have written blurbs in different reports. He got an expander earlier this year (big bar going across his mouth to widen his pallet). Forty-four adults with deep overbite were divided into two groups: group 1 was treated . Dr. Hawley is dedicated to providing his Omaha area patients with personalized, high-quality care in a fun atmosphere. 14. r/braces 16 days ago. You will most likely hear your child use the S sound in words by age 4. overbite and speech therapy. Careers. Viegas F, Camargo Z, Viegas D, Guimares GS, Luiz RR, Ritto F, Simes-Zenari M, Nemr K. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. If you have an overbite, you can keep your mouth healthy by practicing excellent oral hygiene and scheduling regular checkups with your dentist. How can I keep my overbite from causing other health problems? I asked about when they came off, and she said she didn't think he would have to relearn anything, but with a properly aligned mouth, speech will just be easier for him. Pediatric Boulevard provides outpatient speech, feeding, physical, occupational and therapy services for children. Epub 2022 Jul 1. The basics of the syndrome and common speech, language, voice and fluency issues will be addressed. Eating pain. (https://jada.ada.org/article/S0002-8177(16%2930669-9/abstract), Visitation, mask requirements and COVID-19 information. GOOD TO KNOW Services are for U.S. residents only. However, to actually fix an overbite, you'll need braces, clear aligners, or a retainer. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Licensed Dentist. Effective treatment strategies for improving communication across the lifespan will also be discussed. There are two positions we can use to produce and /s/. While it is common and considered healthy for individuals to have a slight overbite, let's say 1-2 millimeters, others have more prominent bite issues. Overbites can also cause: Typically, your dentist is the healthcare provider who first notices an overbite during a physical exam. Dr. Seaver teaches courses in Speech Science, Craniofacial Anomalies, and provides clinical instruction in the assessment and treatment of velopharyngeal dysfunction and aural rehabilitation. My daughther continues to have a speech problem so I was wondering can she continue speech therapy even though she wears braces? Typically, you will need to treat the cause of your OMD or seek myofunctional therapy for swallowing problems before symptoms like malocclusion or speech deficits are addressed. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Eur J Orthod. She told me the braces make some shapes a bit more challenging to practice, especially at first, but she has several students with braces and she wants to keep working with him. Have questions about your smile? Welcome to the Handy Handouts Center! Chipped, cracked, or broken teeth. Yet, the benefits of treatment go beyond the cosmetic aspects and, believe it or not, another big perk of bringing the teeth and jaws into alignment is improving a patients speech. Although in my practice I have seen children with co-occurring frontal lisps and tongue thrusts, I have also seen both of those disorders occur independently.Dee Lance is an Associate Professor at the University of Central Arkansas where she teaches classes in articulation development/disorders and child language disorders. Conclusion If your child is displaying any of the symptoms described here, then it would be a good idea to get them checked for myofunctional issues. You may find that her speech will correct itself due to the changes in her bite and oral structure. Dr. Skinder-Meredith has given numerous workshops for practicing speech-language pathologists across the country on assessment and treatment of CAS. Raise the sides of your tongue so they touch your upper teeth on the sides of your mouth. Speech therapy can take a lot of time. The medical term for such a misalignment is malocclusion. wikiHow, Inc. is the copyright holder of this image under U.S. and international copyright laws. This image is not<\/b> licensed under the Creative Commons license applied to text content and some other images posted to the wikiHow website. Most people have slight overbites of about a millimeter or two. Successfully producing speech sounds involves an intricate coordination between a person's oral structures and muscles. Before If it is bad enough to require professional help, search for an accredited orthodontist and ask about various treatment options. Errors on these two sounds are considered residual when production continues to be inaccurate beyond the developmental age of acquisition. Learn more what overbite is and how to correct it without surgery. Horsche / Getty Images. How Do BRACES FIX Overbites? https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/treatment-approach-considerations-for-school-9472, Treatment Approach Considerations for School-Aged Children with Speech Sound Disorders, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 3, CE-SPC-20-0321; ASHA/0.1 Intermediate, Professional; IACET/0.1; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/back-to-basics-down-syndrome-8975, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 4, CE-SPC-19-3220; ASHA/0.1 Introductory, Professional; IACET/0.1; IBCCES/1.0; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/20q-dynamics-school-based-speech-10002, 20Q: Dynamics of School-Based Speech and Language Therapy Variables, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 3, Domain 7, CE-SPC-21-3322; ASHA/0.1 Advanced, Professional; IACET/0.1; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/sleuthing-for-s-and-r-9237, Sleuthing for /s/ and /r/: Facilitating Strategies for Residual Sound Errors, AG Bell - LSLS/2.0 Domain 3, CE-SPC-20-0321; ASHA/0.2 Introductory, Professional; IACET/0.2; Kansas LTS-S1370/2.0; SAC/2.0, https://www.speechpathology.com/slp-ceus/course/20q-continuum-approach-for-sorting-10008, 20Q: A Continuum Approach for Sorting Out Processing Disorders, AG Bell - LSLS/1.0 Domain 3, Domain 7, CE-SPC-21-3322; ASHA/0.1 Intermediate, Professional; IACET/0.1; Kansas LTS-S1370/1.0; SAC/1.0, Articulation, Phonology, and Speech Sound Disorders.