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The annual shad return is as much of a springtime ritual as the more famous cherry blossom trees and flowering dogwoods. %27F8527D27F8277D5227277D277D275227F85252277D52527D2752FFA8F8 My question is, will a 12 siphon be enough for my lake? %A87D7D52FFA87D7DFF7D7DA87D52A87D7DA87DA8FD047DA87DA8A8A87DFF %7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551 There are several details of construction that are very important. says Gates. Pond Construction and Management Considerations A properly planned and constructed pond or lake can be a great asset on your property (see Figure 1). In an ebb and flow (also known as flood and drain) system water is pumped into the grow bed. %FFFFFFA8FFA8FFA8FD0AFF522727A82727277D52522752527D277D522727 Revised by Russell Wright, Extension Fisheries Specialist, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University Written by Chris Hyde, Extension Aquaculturist, Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, Auburn University, and Perry Oakes, State Conservation Engineer, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Alabama. What snrub said, or if not them I would have an engineer run some rough numbers, it shouldn't cost too much and might be money well spent, just my opinion it is definitely on the small side for 100 acres but without more info as to terrain and cover that the acreage has and your annual rainfall average its hard to guess. If PVC is used and exposed to sunlight, it should be painted to prevent degradation due to ultraviolet light. Water adds variety to a landscape and further enhances its quality. Our pond siphon systems can even be retrofitted into older existing ponds as well. Also, a 45 elbow should be attached to the end of the discharge to help aerate the water and prevent a hole from being blown out from the pressure of the discharge. %51FD41754A757CFFA8A8CAFD22FFFD12F9034C747551754A7551754A7551 rigated systems supplied by siphon tubes or gated pipe range between 30 and 40 percent, with effi-ciencies of 50-60 percent possible with excellent management. inverted siphons are a maintenance nightmare for storm drains. Before you hit the turkey woods this 2023 season, check out the latest turkey hunting guns and ammo so you'll be ready with the best turkey gear for the season. An exact capacity of the pond can be obtained only through detailed surveys and calculations. . U?rX]-BE@Ja|'g3. To drain the pond, remove the pipe F and its extension, screw an end cap into the T pipe at D, close the pipe at the end of point C with a plug, insert a vacuum pump at the top of point D, and pump out air until the system starts siphoning. Proper design of an open channel spillway will include provisions for minimizing any potential erosion. %4A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A75 Stay updated on the latest news and stories from NRCS and other USDA topics. Provides assistance to agricultural producers to address natural resource concerns. Clogging of siphon tubes on such ditches can lead to over-topping of ditch banks and severe erosion caused by the concentrated flow. National Standard Document NOTICE - National conservation practice standards should not be used to plan, design or install a conservation practice. Emergency spillways can be anywhere from 10 to 50 feet wide or wider. %7DA8A87D527D527D7D7D527D52A87D52527D7DA87DA87D7D527D527D527D %AI9_ColorModel: 1 Many of those lakes have had problems with deteriorating risers that leak and prevent the lake from maintaining a water level. To subscribe, click here. Figure 9. While we recommend smooth steel, PVC, or aluminum for the barrel through the dam and not the corrugated pipe shown here, this picture does show the anti-seep collar designed to reduce leakage around the pipe. This system has the advantage of allowing control of the water height for repair or complete restoration by opening a valve at the bottom of the standpipe. The major considerations to be determined in planning and designing a pond are the size and shape of the pond and the water control structures required. is pepperoni processed meat; pictures of yin yang tattoos. %7D2727527D527D27277D2727275227277D27F87D277DF85227525227527D %7DA8A87D7DA87DA8A8FD047DA87D7D7DA87D52A8A87DA87D7DA8A87DA87D SWCD Dry Hydrant Fact Sheet and Homeowner Mini Grants Dry Hydrant Diagram NRCS Technical Description The diagram consists of a U-shaped siphon pipe whose D/S end remains . No guarantee, endorsement, or discrimination among comparable products is intended or implied by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. Provides targeted assistance to promote use of high tunnels, which offer many benefits including longer growing season. %FFA8FFA8A8A8FFA8A8A8FFA8A8A8FF7DFFA8FFA8FFFFA87DFFA8A8A8FFA8 New Turkey Vests Nomad Bull Lounger Turkey Vest $250 This turkey vest is highly adjustable (14. %FFFFA8FD0BFFA8A8FD12FFA8FD07FFA8FD18FFA85227277D27F8FD04527D A pond that maintains an average depth of 15 feet produces no more fish than a pond maintaining a 6-foot average depth. We like to say that these relatively new pond siphon systems are the best thing to come along since sliced bread. If you dont have one of these siphon systems working for you in your pond or lake already, I urge you to try one. There are two water control structures (spillways) that must be designed and sized appropriately to make sure that water can safely drain from the pond during routine and heavy rainfall events. Any potential shade around the watering ramp should be eliminated to keep cattle from loafing in or near the pond. Make sure the pond end is below water and as low as you want to siphon. No more worrying about drainpipe failures, stuck valves, bad vales that no longer work or leaks around drainpipes that can potentially lead to dam failure. Find them in the USDA Employee Directory. The vertical pipe attached to the barrel pipe at the upstream side of the dam is called the riser (figure 9). Assistance to inventory and analyze farm systems that use energy and identify ways to improve efficiency through an Agricultural Energy Management Plan. %7D52277D5227277D525227527D527D7D275227A852A827525227527D7DF8 NRCS applies sound engineering tools and principles to plan, design, and implement conservation practices and systems through delegated approval authority. are there laundry facilities on viking river cruises. %99CC6699CC9999CCCC99CCFF99FF0099FF3399FF6699FF9999FFCC99FFFF To determine if a pond qualifies for a Farm Pond Exemption, the NRCS will require that the following three documents be completed: of Agriculture (USDA). john maura smith ranch homes nrcs pond siphon design. With the increase of urbanization and short-term timber harvesting, wood duck nesting habitat is decreasing. As the massive beast was processed for transport to the Milwaukee Public Museum, Stoddards determination and dexterity with skinning knives impressed the museums traveling chief-of-taxidermy George Shrosbree, who offered. The .gov means its official. Delivery rates from a 100-ft. conduit of 1-inch diameter pipe under 6 ft. of head will be approximately 4 %4A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A75 Figure 4. %FD0427A8FD0CFFA8A87DA87DA8A8A87DA87DA8A8A8FD047DFD05A8FD047D illinois watercraft title transfer . %AI3_ColorUsage: Color %517575755175757551757575517575755175757551757575517575755175 Download the national conservation practice standard document and supporting documents forPond (No.) In no particular order, heres a look at the best new hunting bows for 2023. Suitable for flat or nearly flat land, levee ponds are only partially excavated. Density and height of vegetation can be increased progressively from the waters edge to the undisturbed vegetation. Dam failure and damage to lakes and ponds is often the result of poor design. Find information about NRCS career opportunities. %7DA8527D52A87DFFA87D7DA8527D527D7DA87D7D7DA852FD057D52A8527D The estimated capacity, or volume, of the pond can be determined by multiplying the surface area of the pond in acres by 0.4 times the maximum water depth in feet measured at the dam. %F827527D522752FD08FFA8FF7D7DA87D7DA8A8A87D7D7DA87DA8527D7DA8 %%Creator: Adobe Illustrator(R) 12.0 Intakes suspended 18-36 inches below the pond surface will withdraw the best quality water. %27527D52277D272752277D277DFD04522727527D527D275227527D52A8FD %A8FD16FF4A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A75 %!PS-Adobe-3.0 %7DA8527D527D52A8FD33FF27522727527D5227527DF82727527D527D5227 nrcs pond siphon designnrcs pond siphon designnrcs pond siphon design Embankment pond (not to scale). Helps private and tribal landowners protect, restore, and enhance wetlands degraded by agricultural uses. It is operated by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) and provides access to the largest natural resource information system in the world. %0099CC0099FF00CC0000CC3300CC6600CC9900CCCC00CCFF00FF3300FF66 This video describes the 4" PVC pipe pond siphon that I use to regularly move large quantities of water. They are truly worry free! The backside pipe should be installed at an angle so that the discharge is away from the base of the dam, protecting the dams integrity. nrcs pond siphon design %%For: (Tice Brashear) (Brashear Realty Corp) %FF277D2727FD05527D27277D7D2752275227275252275227522752522752 We used a standard siphon kit from Pond Dam Piping Ltd. No problem with these guys. What's the future of wild turkey hunting and conservation? %AI7_Thumbnail: 128 128 8 %754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A No valves to open or close ever again! %A8FD04FFA8A8FFA8FD05FFA8FFA8FFA8FFFFFFA8FFA8A8FD04FFA8FDFCFF %A9FD21FFA8A87DA87DA87DFFA9FFFD08A8A7A8A1A77CA17C7C51A1CFFD15 %522E7DFD3DFFA8FFFFA8FFA17C7C7C767C757CFD06754A754A754A754A75 Tip to Remember: Fish are stocked based on pond surface acreage, not depth. %AI3_TileBox: 11.7656 11.9572 780.1068 600.1064 Often, minor changes in the dam alignment and spillway location can shift these elements out of view and reduce their prominence. %7DFF7DA8FD047DA87DA8FD047DA87DA8FD057D527DA87DA852A87D7D52A8 %A87DA852A87D7D7DA8A8FD067DFF7D5252A87DA8527DA87D7DA87D7DA8FD %4A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A757CFFA17DA7FD2DFFFD08F92B While the siphon system has the advantage of not having a barrel through the bottom of the dam, the disadvantage is that the pond cannot be completely drained and maintained dry by opening a valve. An excavated pond is usually the most expensive type of pond to construct on a per-acre basis. %04FF7DFFFFFFA8FD05FFA8FFFFFF7DFFA8FFA8FFFFFFA8FF7DFFFFFFA8FF %517575755175757551757575517575755175757551757575517575755175 The spillway should also be kept clear of structures as well. Yes, you read that right! You can drive over it, mow over or do all the things you would normally do around a pond without a single thought of damaging it. Figure 8. %5252527D52FF27A85252527D527D527D7D527DFF52A87D7D277D277D527D Most typical farm ponds in Alabama have 10 to 15 feet of water at the dam. Siphon spillways may also be used to lower lakes for purpose of wildlife management or weed control. %33CCCC33CCFF33FF0033FF3333FF6633FF9933FFCC33FFFF660000660033 %7551757575517575A8A8A77DFD2CFFFD08F92BA97FA9A97F7F7FFD04A9F9 The design guidelines for major dams are outlined in NRCS Technical Release 210-60 - Earth Dams and Reservoirs (March 2019). %000011111111220000002200000022222222440000004400000044444444 Offers competitive grants to support wetland mitigation banks for ag producers. %FDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDDEFFA87DA8FFA8FFA8FF7D7DFFA87DA8A8 %27525227F85252F82727277D277D27F82752F87DF827527D27F852522727 If the water cannot be supplied by gravity feed, a small pump may be needed to supply water to the system. A dam or embankment is constructed in a depression between two hills and serves to impound water in a basin area on the upstream side of the dam. We use draw downs for management purposes during the early fall. I like to use a four inch vent pipe on most of my siphons, says Ager, and on a 10- or 12-inch siphon I put a T on the intake and run 3 feet of pipe on each side to decrease the size of the vortex. %04A8FFFFFFA8A87DFFFFFFA8A8A8FFA8FFFFA8A8FFA8FFA8FFA8FFA8FF7D See Extension publication ANR-0452,Using Grass Carp to Control Weeds in Alabama Ponds, for design of a grass carp barriers. %23FFFD1DF92BA9AFA8757574FD27754A7CA8FF7CA7FD2FFFFD1BF92BA8FF Posted chiropractor to md bridge program. The banana will love the water. Hunting rabbits is a great time and great foundation to introduce folks to the hunting lifestyle. The siphon system provides the most economical means of regulating the water in your pond. Looking for a career that can make a difference? %A8FD1EFFA8A8FD1DFFA8A8FD0DFFA8FD04FFA8A8A8FFFF7DFD07FF7DA8FF %7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A514A757CA8A8FF84A8A8FD0BFF75 the checks. Carter Pond History. %%+ 0 0 0 (New Color Swatch) Our State Offices Directory provides contact information for NRCS State Office Representatives. Typical cross section of dam along centerline of principal spillway (not to scale). %4A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A7551A7FD0CFFFD7375 Design a siphon spillway for the given conditions. %4A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A757CFFA8A8A8FD1DFFFD60 if you do it, make sure the velocity through a siphon is high enough to move the sand and gravel through. %09FFA8FD0FFFA8FD06FFA8FD08FFA8FFA8FD0DFFA8FD05FFA8FFFFFFA8FF Figure 11. %FD047D5227A8A8FD08FF52A8A8A87DA87DFD78FFA85252FD052752FD7AFF %7DA87DA87DA87DA87DA8A8A852A87DA87DA87D7D7DFFFD057DFF7D7D7DA8 Mussels are filter feeders that travel from one location to the next feeding on phytoplankton and decaying organic matter. %A8A8FF7DA87DFFA8FFA8FF7DA8A8FFA8FFA8A8FFFF7DFFA8FFA8FFA8FFFF %7D27522752525227527D52A8FD28FFA8FFA8A8FD08FFA8FFA8FFFFFFA8FF %5252522727277D27A8FD0627F852277D2752522727275227277D277DF852 %%AI8_CreatorVersion: 12.0.0 Since its inception in 2001, the Ponds Program has been very successful, producing 235 ponds and resulting in 7,580 additional acre-feet of water storage in the state. Taxi Advertisement; Bus Advertisement Earthen channels can be protected by a good grass cover, an appropriately designed rock cover, concrete or various types of erosion control . The diagram shows the details of the construction. %754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A7551754A This agency was formerly known as the US Soil Conservation Service (SCS). %%EndData Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Typical section of a levee pond (not to scale). By . %AI5_OpenViewLayers: 7 Brings together partners and producers to protect wetlands. *This is an excerpt from Pond Building: A Guide to Planning, Constructing & Maintaining Recreational Ponds, ANR 1114. It does not take much to start the water through the main pipe, then when the pipe is full, remove the cap and the siphon is started. %277D2752527D2752F8525252275252277D7D5227F852527D2727F827527D In Nebraska, dams are classified by their size and their hazard potential. If the lake is full I like to use a small generator to power a shop vac to start a siphon. Then determine the pipe diameter needed for the required flow capacity. A bell siphon is used in ebb and flow aquaponics and hydroponics systems in order to regulate the flow of water. %2727FD0452FD67FFA8FFA8FFA8FFA8FFA8FFFFFFA8FFA8FFFFFFA8FFA8FF Improperly designed spillways could create an unsafe dam and place undue liability on the owner. %4B7551754B7551754B7551754B7551754B7551754B7551754B7551754B75 Plant the banana on the "bank" of the pond and allow the roots to find the water. This video explores how Dave Budeau of Turner, OR, constructed a pond to build wetland habitat on his land. %754A75A8FD09FF754A7575754A7575754A7575754A7575754A7575754A75 %AI5_ArtFlags: 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 No valves to open or close ever again! My original plan was to do a stand alone pipe till I found out about a siphon system drainage. (H bT\4 -`F@i c "CH61o16FSpc3{?P#1\0L3 +O&hoP n1'5b@h5 %4A754A754A754A754A754A754A757DFD19FFA8522E52527D2E7D2D7D5884 %7D527DFF7D7D7DFD05A87D7D52A8A8FD047DA87D7D7DFF7D7D7DA87DA8A8 (i) Saddle siphon spillway. No trees or shrubs should be planted or allowed to grow in the spillway. Figure 1 shows one suggested design for a homemade suspended inlet. %51754A7551754A7551754A7551754A754A76A7FFA8FD15FF755175757551 Learn about webinars, training opportunities and local events related to NRCS programs and services. Assume a Cd value of 0 when applying the orifice equation for the siphon spillway capacity. %7DA8A87DA8FFA8A8A87DA8A87DA8A8A852A87D7D52A87DA8A87D7DFF7D52 Everyone is welcome! %AI7_ImageSettings: 0 Attention International Customers: If your items are to be shipped internationally, please call 1-888-LANDCARE to place your order. nrcs pond siphon designcarway us border crossing hours. NRCS has soil maps and data available online for more than 95 percent of the . WIN-PST is an environmental risk screening tool for pesticides. a larger standpipe and bell siphon is necessary to drain it. (ii) Volute siphon spillway. %754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A %2752FF27F852F8277D522752F852272727A8277DFD0427F8A82727525227 %AI3_TemplateBox: 396.5 305.5 396.5 305.5 %75A1FF7C7CA8FD08FF84345F115F5E843A3A5F12343A5F5F5E5E34833A5E NJK/K*(r=)LQ0Xj/+okoz$Q `@hfWAy=k \V+)2,R6H[#@1|#db(AN1 /APdO@T _xaa2?H]E9 9N0720@2a =~\ -74paC`6 @7z~0`cx :6;2 -~9$6{vwhZ#VLc(:3&P3k(P3&#vM">{c`ahA}:&.I2CWZNScZ(zKmEZ\RE[pjV=57K[ZP3+eS3&O]hL The North American Wild Turkey has five subspecies: the Rio Grande, the Merriam's, the Osceola, the Eastern, and the Gould's. %%Title: (PondSiphonSystem.ai) The bulldozer's shiny silver blade does its magic, shaving and rolling waves of fresh, crisp, bare dirt and depositing it in layers, readying crumbly clay for compaction. NRCS can help ag producers and communities recover when natural disasters strike. Building a dam across a large, permanent stream is not a recommended practice for constructing a pond. 2023 by the Alabama Cooperative Extension System. The only structure recommended to be built across the spillway is a grass carp barrier to help retain these fish in the pond during high water events (figure 11). As water level drops to open the vent, the siphon stops, and . Once air enters from the outlet end, the suction is released . rCyvm4`nn85Nk"6@I"$4g2[.wA\@(A144;UCa(|:f $)C+7%r2, bLHNI$$Ch9n39@M `rp6D4K vNeL FnD8Z>k ) *htWu6.Ua35B 3" 0mHf:JY,Wh9`0]CWp3&FPpp =LADCJ@qK#0`$5A:0 %FD047D52527DA852A8527D7D7DA8A8A87D527D7DA8A8FD047DA8FD087DA8 %A8527D27F8FD0427F852522752F852277DFD0DFF7DA8A8A87DA87DA87D27 Spillway Siphon Systems for Lakes and Ponds, The Future of Turkey Hunting and Conservation, This Old Pond: The Dos and Donts of Pond Restoration, Herbert Stoddard: Conservations Incredible Doctor of Fire, Rabbit Hunting Rookies: What You Need to Know, Lining Up for a Mr. Fox Vest: The NWTF Experience, Best New Turkey Hunting Guns and Ammo 2023, Illumination in the Flatwoods: Bottomland Book Club, GameKeepers: Farming for Wildlife Magazine. %DD000000DD000000DDDDDDDDEE000000EE000000EEEEEEEE0000000000FF The NRCS is a non-regulatory agency that provides technical assistance to farmers who want to construct a Farm Pond. Helps agricultural producers manage financial risk through diversification, marketing or natural resource conservation practices. %757551757575517575755175757551757575517575755175757551757575 %FFFD057DA87DA87DA8A8FD057DA8A87D7DA8A8A8FFA8A87DFD0CFFA87D52 Please review ourPrivacy Statementfor more information. %7D7D7D52FD047D52A87D7DA8FD067DA87D7D7DA87D7D7DA8A8FFA8FD3AFF %5175757551757575517575755175757526517575757C76A8AFFD0CFF4A75 %%HiResBoundingBox: 57 30.2002 758.6357 730.2959 As an avid turkey hunter, I knew that I wouldnt be the only person thinking about how special the release of this vest was. `lF k*No#;RYz1pha9,(m9J3a$In0%9e2q n2^Yvo{1k$sYA@t4 For field measurements a transparent hose acting as a siphon, as illustrated below, will be found useful. %7D7DA8A87D7DA87DFFFD05A8FFA87D7D7DFFA87DA8A8A87DA87D7D7DA87D Aluminum pipe can be used, but it is typically too expensive for most recreational pond applications. %7551757575517574757CFFA8FD14FF4A754A754A754A754A754A754A754A how to add trusted domain in office 365 admin; andrea lowe family; the monitor newspaper mcallen, tx phone number; how much does a smoke shop make a month. Click on image to enlarge. %524C45FDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFFFDFCFF %7D7D7DA8A8FD64FF275227527D52F87D27522752277D2727275227525252 The push to build bows that draw smooth and easy, balance well in the hand, eliminate vibration, and conveniently accommodate accessories is where youll find many of these new bows focused. Spillway siphons have many advantages, the first of which is if constructed properly, they cut on and off automatically. Fluids Flow Design and Engineering Hydraulics and Pneumatic Design and Engineering Siphon Flow Rate from Small Pipes Equation and Calculator. I knew this vest would be special. %272727527D7D5227527D27527DF8522727275227527D52275227277D7DF8 Land grading to eliminate low spots reduces local overirrigation and raises effi-ciency by about 5-10 percentage points. %7DA87D7D527DA8A87D527D7D7DA87DFF7D7D52FD04A87D7D7D52FD0CFFA8 Figure 10. SPILLWAY-SIPHON SYSTEM serves as a deep-water release, removing stale water and increasing oxygen at deeper levels for fish production.When water level rises to emergency spillway level, air is expelled from the system starting full pipe flow. Pond size, shape, and depth are limited by the topography of the site and the size of the watershed draining to the pond. %66FF6666FF9966FFCC66FFFF9900009900339900669900999900CC9900FF %A8FF84FFA8FFFFAEA8FFA8AEAEFFAFFFA8FFFFFFA8FD0DFFFD25F930AFCF Ponds-Planning, Design, Construction. %4A7575754A75A1FD08FF51754B7551754B7551754B7551754B7551754B75 Click on image to enlarge. An externally pumped water source, such as a well or creek, will be necessary to fill and maintain this type of pond because of the absence of a watershed. %%RGBCustomColor: 0 0 0 ([Registration]) %522752527D277D27525227277D2727F8525252277D2752272752FD0EFFA8 %A8FFA8FD62FFFF %FF7D7CA7FD15FFA8FD22FFFD26F90355A8CF7C754A204A754A754A754A75 Keep in mind that the riser pipe has a tendency to float. Review the amount and availability of financial assistance for selected conservation practices in your state. The design, inspection, and maintenance criteria for a dam are based on its classification. At a specific point (usually 2 inches below the surface) the water drains via the bell siphon. The area around the trough should be protected from erosion using either concrete or geotextile filter fabric and crushed stone. Posted by | Jun 22, 2021 | the jazz corner hilton head | Jun 22, 2021 | the jazz corner hilton head Built the fence at least 60-100 feet from the pond edge. Applications for NRCS conservation programs are ranked and funded at key times throughout the year. %527D52525227525252277D2727F8272752522752FD0527A852F85227277D (378). %%BoundingBox: 57 30 759 731 %FFFFA8FFA8FD5DFF27525252F85227522752277D2727522752277D7D2752 The siphon spillway is formed in the shape of an inverted V over the dam and positioned so that the crest of the siphon is at the normal water surface elevation. gIw0DC)g7u %5F3A83345F845F3A833AAE838A5F5F345FFD0DFFFD22F90355A8CF7C754A %754A754A754A754A754A754A754A754AA1A8A776A8FD06FFAEFD05FFA8FD %525252272752FD042752525227275227F85252F8275227F85227F8277DFD Figure 5. It is a great time to consider deepening shorelines, building a pier, building a boat ramp or installing a spillway siphon. %75754A7575754A7575754A7575754A7575754A7575754A7575754A757575 %PDF-1.2 % (378) (7/2022) Standard Document. %A8FD057DA8FD0CFFA8A87D7D52A8527DA8FD057DA8A87DA87D7D7DA87DA8 n Minimum bottom width is 5 feet for dams < 20 feet tall n Minimum bottom width is 10 feet for dams > 20 feet tall n For closed emergency spillways (culverts, etc.)