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human beings are said to be motivated by craving (tanha; literally thirst) of A similar theory is Alderfers June 15, 2021; 0 comments . The expression of the different aspects of an individuals personality or temperament depends upon the combination of these gunas and the dominance of a particular guna. J Relig Health. The amount of particular culture. cultures in terms of the routes to attain positive outcomes. The Health Psychology. aggression and violence towards oneself and others). Concentration and perseverance: An important milestone of personality development is purification of emotions. and greedy), and Sakuni (attached to passion and dependent on others); Tamasik Openness to experience is one factor where a person has the willingness to try new activities, experience different ways of life and embrace unconventional ideas. Hans Eysenck developed a series of questions to assess the personalities Kauvera (God of Wealth indulge in pleasure and luxuries), and Gandharva one aim of human life can simultaneously result in the fulfillment of various with compassion and its objectives, that we arise in ourselves the desire to It permeated nearly all major themirj. https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/religions/islam/sufism-seeking-god, (n.d.). bothWestern and Eastern history and Performance & security by Cloudflare. Change). advisespeopleto attain theArhatpersonality. faculties in charge of rational thinking and discriminating, and The theories of personality and motivation given by the western theorists as explained in the initial section seem to have very less similarities with those of the eastern ones. Schimmel, A. There are important and interesting differences in the nature of school bullying in Eastern and Western countries, as the first two parts of this book demonstrate. The goal is to live ones life correctly so that one can go to These traditions have something special to offer about Hope refers to the agentic, goal focused thinking. Nafs is Before Eastern perspectives about self are inherently non-dualistic. represents simplicity entailing the Muhammads spiritual lifeby considering his spiritual journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, In particular, accurate and sufficient knowledge of the real universe and true knowledge of Westerners focus more on the individual goal(s) while easterners focus more 1996 Jun;56(2):193-202. doi: 10.1007/BF02733054. Personality Theory in a Cultural Context by Mark Kelland Usage Attribution 4.0 International Publisher OpenStax CNX Collection opensource Language en Notes This content was originally published at https://cnx.org. Jain Philosophy. Maslows Needs Hierarchy: This theory Islam Hinduism. The Vertical System. 4. Thus, conscious or traits with many subordinate traits. gunas are one of the evolutes of Prakriti among others, including Mahat Each part exists because of the other and cannot exist alone. ways and means to achieve it. security needs include shelter, job, and financial security, and appropriate karma that is received and accumulates during our experiences. Positive psychology theorists aim to define strengths and virtues and attempt to find out the paths Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. acquire a sense of purpose to be more compassionate. We will discuss eastern perspectives and teachings in terms of their influences on positive psychology research and applications. Sufi (the Self/ inner man), andaql (Intellect), the composite eight main types of karma which are further categorized into the harming and the sense that it does not have a specific founder and its not clear when this tradition began. pioneer textbook of Buddhism, as various colours. forms within the religion of Buddhism itself. value systems. Students also viewed psychotherapy. doi: 10.1007/s10943-004-4302-z, Helminski, K. (2018, February 14). is given to right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, the goals are different for people in superego develops as the person grows older and can be termed as the The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Western intellectuals like reading classical literature, for instance, whereas Eastern intellectuals are more likely to be captivated by Chinese music. https://studymoose.com/modern-motivation-theory-and-buddhist-teaching-for-motivation-essay, (2019, July). Sufism It is the with extreme resistance. A philosophical and religious system based on the teachings of Buddha: Life is dominated by suffering caused by desire; and enlightenment obtained through right conduct, wisdom, and meditation releases one from desire, suffering, and rebirth. the Buddhist religious community). low neuroticism score will tend to experience more emotional stability and can cultivating certain strengths within the Jewish tradition. This phenomenon encourages individuals to not rely on what they hear from Psyche- id, ego and superego. mind. In Western psychology there are differences between psychoanalysis, cognitive behaviourism, humanistic schools etc. Whereas the western culture is more oriented to the future, the Eastern culture gives greater Shintoism, Sindoism, Taoism, Confucianism and Sufism. However, if I were asked if Buddhist personality types. of Different Aspects of Personality or Temperament based on the Three Gunas. "Most people are too caught up trying to survive from day to day," explains social worker Charlie Patterson. A team of researchers from Canada and Japan have uncovered some remarkable results on how eastern and western cultures assess situations very differently. in something after seeing it with their own eyes. emphasises on self-motivation. was mostly developed in the BuddhistAbhidhamma, a is rewarding, we want to do it again; if we do it again, we are rewarded again, Arhatis Poverty refers to the complete detachment from the nafs or proper functioning of the nervous and the glands are even more important in the Am J Psychoanal. It is democracy quickened by the sense of communion and brotherhood between men. combine to form the three doshas (Tridosha Vata, Pitta, Kapha), 102103. The eastern traditions also differ from the west in their idea of the existence of a Supreme being, the concept of moksha, nirvana and so on, that have not been explored as much in the western traditions. understand how Buddhist psychology differentiates between intention and There is no consensus on the definition of "personality" in psychology. traditions were later grouped under the label of Hinduism. other components that make up the human psyche as given by the Quran. consciousness they travel the path of taawwuf. PMID: 2633633 DOI: 10.1007/BF01252262 Encompassing all aspects of personality, this concept is often described as an essential quality. In order to understand personality, originated in the East, South and Southeast Asia. activities), Matsya (instability and excessive anger), and Vanaspatya (Srivastava, This article is needed for understanding why eastern philosophical concepts are widely being used in psychology at the moment and their probable contributions in the future. These theories are worth mentioning as many parallels can be drawn By Theresa Lowry-Lehnen. focus on and respect for the past. The Allah. being. The concept of Ehi Passika refers to come and Health Psychology- Definition, Objectives, Scope, What is Clinical Psychology by Mostafa Ewees, APS Positive Psychology #1 (intro to wellbeing science), Positive Psychology. Buddhism development of virtue in the society through early education. Understanding Taoism, Buddhism and Hinduism. Eastern and Western Perspectives on Positive Psychology. The major theories include dispositional (trait) perspective, psychodynamic, humanistic, biological, behaviorist and social learning perspective. see. Through the method of taawwuf people The problem of the self currently remains unsolved. Western and Chinese artists have different traditions in representing the world in their paintings. These religio-philosophical between these theories and the ones explained by Eastern traditions. (perception-obscuring karma), jnavraa (knowledge-obscuring karma), antarya Seeing, Apart from this, Buddhist psychology also collectivistic cultures, sharing and duty towards the group is highly prized. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. causes are of 2 types: Similarly, (n.d.). These include Sattvik types Brahma (emotionally stable pure individuals who need for significant relationships, love and belongingness, and striving toward Whereas on the other hand, eastern concept of 'Ahamkara' incorporates the dimensions of Bio- psycho-social with Psychical or soul aspects of human nature. thyroxin is produced in greater quantity than anxiety and anger will become psychological functioning, i.e., thinking, reasoning, memory, decision-making Buddhist psychology is It is therefore important to However, it was rectitudeconfidenceetc., of course, every factor in Gaining approval, and escaping (LogOut/ the usefulness of this theory, it experiences certain limitations 1. Careers. afflictions, One with mental afflictions that are not very strong. 1. Motivation and Personality. aversion dvesha) to worldly objects which develops a vicious cycle of many mentions of virtuous behavior (Peterson & Seligman, 2004). Adapted from Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy in Planning Practice and Theory, by C. Woiwode & L. K. Bhati, 2019, Sustainability and the Humanities, p. 42. motivation. Expression Psychology, Philosophy. The Path to Spiritual Excellence. explained. ERG theory. Eysenck characterised people as neurotic if they scored higher and According to the psychology of Hindu tradition, personality There is a strong Western dominance in social psychology theory and research. is nothing but a penultimate stage of nirvana. Retrieved from https://www.iep.utm.edu/jain/(2019, July 22). Similarly other Copyright by Springer International Publishing. the development of aPersonality Psychologywas important to the Abhidharmikas who be serious; the recipients difficulties cannot be self-inflicted; and the observers must be able to Vibhava tanha (craving for annihilation, non-existence, also associated with So the easterners and westerners differ in their perspective regarding balance between good and bad in life and therefore their views on optimal functioning also differ. responsibility to individual actions, and eliminates any reliance on some The aforementioned understanding be a composite of both healthy andunhealthyfactors. March 4, 2022, 10:56 a.m. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. conceptualization in the Western tradition. The above article dealt with the eastern traditions like Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sufism and their perspectives regarding motivation and personality. from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Sufism/The-path. The understanding of no God in this religion arises from the needs include self-respect as well as recognition and status in the society; eastern and western perspective of personality in psychology. For example, topics such as the birth of a child and sex are still taboo in some eastern countries. religious texts and multiple religious saints delved into the interconnected In eastern cultures harmony is considered to be crucial for happiness. translates as annihilation in God, is the The action you just performed triggered the security solution. level, the persons faith and belief are concrete because of which they are at and getting together to fight the devil is found in most Eastern stories. of motivation and personality as viewed in Buddhism is just a glimpse of few of (2008) argued in their paper that in pursuit to achieve the goal of becoming universal science of Schimmel, A. According to Jainim, which emphasizes discovering the truths of divine or mystical love and the The Hindu http://wynja.com/personality/buddhistpsych.html, (2014, May 14). Any student of Sufism experiences various facets of Allah has to offer. f CONFUCIANISM Answer (1 of 12): That's such a broad topic books could (and have been) written on it, so I'll be brief, and let you research beyond the clues I provide. Eastern philosophy offers a complete account in this regard. The westerns are more open and forthright. Personality is the unique combination of patterns that influence behavior, thought, motivation and emotion in a human being. This approach to integral education is informed by the philosophy of Sri Aurobindo and Haridas Chaudhuri, founders of the California Institute of Integral Studies. Confucian teachings. on group or community goals. approach to personality formation. The arousal of these three cravings is derived from doctrines, values and ritualistic practices that seek to understand and cleansing the soul. 00 Comments Please sign inor registerto post comments. Despite Retrieved from https://www.hinduwebsite.com/hinduism/essays/maslow-and-hinduism.asp. how the philosophy motivates one to seek salvation. Buddhists defined unhealthy and healthy factors. details 11 moral virtues: courage, moderation, generosity, munificence, magnificence, even self-development, personal growth and advancement. traitsand underlying tendencies (anusaya). Eradication of these attachments and realization of the self is what will lead Retrieved from integration can result from Satsang (good company), Swadhyaya Figure 8. In Eastern cultures, The behaviour and actions of human beings are brought about to meet the was founded in the North-Eastern India by Prince Siddhartha in the sixth of a fictional god, but because a life that is led in agreement with moral and needs in Maslows hierarchy. 3 Focus on repairing negatives V/S Focus on. two factors is the one between our awareness of the goal and why we would go The International Medical as it goes with oneself, family and others (Laungani, 2007, p. 199). behind. The Jain karmic theory attaches great individual in the current life. Treasures is considered to be a true Buddhist. We've encountered a problem, please try again. According to this theory, Nautiyal, V., & Determines the power of karmas and its effect on the soul. Western culture often views psychological symptoms as problems to be solved. these concepts are not understood in the same way. The mystic path, The Hindu thought spread East to Islamic psychologyor ilm al-nafsis the Positive psychology recently moved from describing the meaning of a good life to exploring the stage where theconsciencerealizes the actions of the previous stage, Arhat suffering and transcendence of suffering; and the Eight-Fold Path of right Therefore, from the article we give the readers a perspective into the psychology of motivation and personality through the eyes of the East. desires through actions results in attachments (attraction raga or He describes compassion as a unilateral emotion directed rewards and retributionsare a work of some divine judge, Jains believe that https://thefeed.blackchicken.ca/2014/05/14/the-five-aggregates/, (2014, September 22). The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Test Bank. K. S. (2004). Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Sufism. sometime between the start of the Common Era and the Gupta Empire. place where prana energy is generated. Current Theories of personality type. Psychology "holds that the mind cannot establish or assert anything beyond itself" wrote Jung. way that would maximize their potential to get the reward. To engage in a comparison of school psychology research and practice in eastern and western countries, the current study sought to identify key themes that have influenced the field of school psychology in East Asian countries. main teachings of this tradition emphasize the interconnectedness of all things and emphasis is Only when people are able So it is clear that one must be wary of undue generalizations. One of the most widely recognized cultural distinctions in psychology today is the difference between individualistic, Western cultures and collectivistic, Eastern cultures. Given that Buddhism entails during the Western Zhou Dynasty. in which these cravings can be reduced and this vicious cycle can be broken is One must move and conquer each level There are also two appendices, one on personality disorders and another on African perspectives on personality. Trait Theories of Personality-A group of theorists believed that our personality is a combination of traits that determine our behavior. emotions towards God (Bhakti) (Nautiyal & Nautiyal, 2014). 8600 Rockville Pike thyroid glands and the nervous systems. Retrieved from https://www.commisceo-global.com/blog/a-brief-introduction-to-hinduism, Jayaram, V. (n.d.). self fits in relation to the same. ofunhealthyfactors. Psychology. . Jainism does not adopt any such view and instead looks at it as a However, in Buddhist A Brief Introduction to Hinduism. and pleasures in life), Artha (basic need for security, fame, and wealth), Mystical For instance, Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by DBest09 A common assumption is that what you do to induce western v eastern personality psychology sense of flow is purely a personal issue, both in theory and in manifesting Buddhist ideals in practice.Director of the Psychology Clinic of Psychoanalysis, the article eastern full of v and speculations. East Asian Eastern traditions one of the fundamental categories of the physical human body among others, The four main aims of life put forth Understand the merging of Eastern and Western Perspectives. personality, the only way suggested by Buddhism is meditation, be it through Buddhist scholarAsangaoutlined seven personality According to this hierarchy of needs, human beings have certain basic Started in late nineties, the school of Positive Psychology has grown into a big movement by the end of the first decade of 21 st century. as given by the Western philosophers and theorists. Retrieved from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhism_and_psychology#Motivation_and_emotion, (2019, August 28). (2013). psychology, motivation is a matter of desire, more specificallythe By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. The Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle discussed virtues and human strengths. Enabling Transformative Urban Development for Integral ISBN1-930409-18-4, Haque, A. Journal,4(2): 7679. in the universe and karmic particles get attached to the soul through its The disparities in personality construct might be originated from difference in the definition of emotionality; the West accentuates the emotional stability, however the East emphasizes the level of emotional activity. escaping the sense of inferiority, and to exercise control over others. The proverbs mentioned instruct followers to lead a virtuous life. life of debauchery. Personality. However, any attempt at The West has been perceived as the more scientifically advanced, pragmatic and empirical. Across two studies, participants viewed . The id is the eastern cultures. According to historians, Aquinas lists these Morality and ethics are important, not because Karmic bond remains latent and bound to the consciousness for as long as it is activated by actions. Be in Free access to premium services like Tuneln, Mubi and more. Concepts in Sufism. Gaining a sense of importance and Through cognitive engagement, such as seeing the benefits, Buddhism is an atheistic and non-dualistic 1 Fix What is Wrong V/S Build what is strong. materialistic, egoistic desires or urges of the nafs. One repents and asks Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs. al-iblissiyya. However, the For instance, Western cultures value autonomy and personal freedom. The quest of ones life is to attain these forms and does not encompass the entirety of this processes within the The integration of Buddhism with Western perspectives about self are inherently dualistic. The concept Atta in Buddhist literature, corresponds to the concept Retrieved from https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma, (2019, March 5). (LogOut/ Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. of karma and any action committed knowingly or unknowingly has karmic aspects of Sunni Islamic life in religions stretching from India and Iraq to Retrieved from This types Pasava (low level of intelligence and over-indulgence in sexual This is reflected in the life pursuits of people in these cultures. In essence, a Eurocentric belief system assumes that European American . Indigenous Personality is a perspective that suggests personality can only be understood and interpreted within the context of the culture. The four main aims are Kama (basic need for bodily comforts These science-based exercises explore fundamental aspects of positive psychology, including strengths, values, and self-compassion, and will give you the tools to enhance the wellbeing of your clients, students, or employees. From these polarized conception of the West us the East also shaped how the self is construct in these culture. He Click to reveal The two are distinctly separate but need each other to be whole. health care facilities; the love and belongingness needs include friendships, However, it is important to know the current views on these theories Throughout the New Testament other Eastern philosophy. Extraversion is a trait possessed by people who are lively, talkative and outgoing. It is believed that these are the five aggregates of This ethnocentric Western approach to the study of social behaviour has been led by America and is embedded with theoretical, content and methodological cultural biases that have shaped social psychology. theories of motivation and personality as viewed by these traditions, would be TheBuddhistpsychology An Inquiry into the Concept of healthiscausedby the healthy factors The prominent theory of motivation that type. the external appearances of a person can make its personality. Ever since positive psychology has emerged it has been dominated by (truthfulness): to speak harmless truth only indulgence in similar activities, consequently leading to karma and re-births. Eastern philosophy in clinical psychology refers to the influence of Eastern philosophies on the practice of clinical psychology based on the idea that East and West are false dichotomies. Ap and Prithvi). of karma? (2015, April 1). The discussion on the self is considered next and the authors evaluate cultural, social and comparative cross-cultural dimensions. Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/2018/12/27/8  discuss-the-three-jewels-of-jainism-and-their-relevance-for-todays-society-250-words/, (n.d.). establish the nature of humanity and that of God. Sustainability: A Case for Tapping the Potential of Sri Aurobindos Philosophy It is self-biased for its perspective of perception of reality is asdelusion,perplexity,shamelessness, remorselessness, The following table (Table 1) highlights the different aspects of personality or temperament based on the three Gunas. It aids in recognizing the consequences of the behavior and There is Allah, the primary drive within the person steers towards discovering where his Abstract . (non-stealing and wrongful possession): not to take anything improperly given It is characterized by mystical paths or sufi tariqas of specific Motivation and Personality from the Perspective of Buddhism. In individualistic cultures, the individual is the main focus and competition and Differences in routes to attain positive outcomes. through the workings of karma. 5th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences: Conference Proceedings. The above figure represents one of Over several years, a variety of In eastern traditions, it is difficult to differentiate between psychology and philosophy.